Functions of Hindbrain
The hindbrain is the lower part of the brain, also known as the rhombencephalon. It coordinates all the body functions that are necessary for survival such as the sleep-wake cycle, muscular activities and involuntary activities.
The hindbrain has mainly three parts that perform different functions. These parts are the cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata.
Cerebellum
The cerebellum is specialized for motor functions. It has the following functions;
- It coordinates muscle movements.
- It administrates our glands when to release hormones.
- The cerebellum helps us make our movements smooth and precise by assembling and fixing our muscular activities.
- It regulates the activation of different muscles.
- The cerebellum is also helpful in learning and memorizing movements.
- It also controls our movements related to skills like speaking, walking, writing, bringing and picking up objects.
Pons
Pons connects our brain to the spinal cord. It also acts as a relay center between the cerebellum and cerebrum. It has the following main functions;
- It regulates our sleep-wake cycle and dreaming.
- It regulates the frequency and magnitude of respiration.
- It has a little role in controlling our facial and eye movements.
- It plays a role in relaying sensory and motor signals of hearing.
- It also handles unconscious processes such as sleeping.
Medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata has several basic functions in the body such as;
- It controls our autonomic nervous system functions such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing of food, rate of respiration, coughing, sneezing and vomiting, etc.
- Some parts of the medulla are also involved in various body sensations such as touch and pressure.
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